Help preserve historical and archeological sites when day hiking

Resist the urge to touch petroglyphs when hiking,
as skin oils destroy the paint pigments. 

Excitement and mystery always surrounds coming across old sites – whether it be a pioneer cabin from the 1800s or a petroglyph left on a desert cliff thousands of years ago – during a day hike. Unfortunately, the urge to engage in behaviors that diminish and even destroy these sites is strong, especially among children.

To preserve a historical or ancient site that you come across on a hike, follow these five commandments:
g Don’t remove artifacts – Doing so reduces the experience of future hikers (Would you have wanted a hiker before you to have taken away artifacts so you couldn’t enjoy them?). It’s also illegal. Instead, take pictures or make sketches of them.
g Don’t climb on sites – Though they’ve survived decades or even centuries, many of these sites are fragile structures that crumble easily and often will collapse if weight is added to it.
g Don’t touch items at a site – Skin oils actually destroy paint pigments (especially on petroglyphs) and alter the chemical composition of walls. Just brushing a finger against adobe will flake off bits of the wall.
g Don’t move items at a site – Doing so reduces archeologists’ and historians’ ability to understand the purpose and use of the items as their positions gives them context. Such items might range from potsherd to corn kernels, from bones to glass bottle fragments.
g Don’t write on site’s walls – Graffiti destroys the site and amounts to nothing less than vandalism. Such graffiti can range from spray painting to etching initials with a knife…or even writing on wood with a pencil.

Read more about day hiking with children in my Hikes with Tykes guidebooks.

Teach children to minimize impact on environment while they're hiking

When taking children outdoors, teach them the hiking maxim of “Leave no trace.” Obviously, you shouldn’t toss litter on the ground, start rockslides, or pollute water supplies. How much is damage and how much is good-natured exploring is a gray area, of course. Most serious backpackers will say you should never pick up objects, break branches, throw rocks, pick flowers, and so on – the idea is not to disturb the environment at all. Good luck getting a four-year-old to think like that. The good news is a four-year-old won’t be able to throw around many rocks or break many branches.

Still, children from the beginning should be taught to respect nature and to not destroy their environment. While you might overlook a preschooler hurling rocks into a puddle, they can be taught to sniff rather than pick flowers. As they grow older, you can teach them the value of leaving the rock alone. Regardless of age, don’t allow children to write on boulders or carve into trees.

Many hikers split over picking berries. To strictly abide by the “minimize damage” principle, you wouldn’t pick any berries at all. Kids, however, are likely to find great pleasure in eating blackberries, currants, and thimble-berries as ambling down the trail. Personally, I don’t see any probably enjoying a few berries if the long-term pay-off is a respect and love for nature. To minimize damage, teach them to only pick berries they can reach from the trail so they don’t trample plants or deplete food supplies for animals. They also should only pick what they’ll eat.

Collecting is another issue. In national and most state and county parks, taking rocks, flower blossoms and even pine cones is illegal. Picking flowers moves many species, especially if they are rare and native, one step closer to extinction. Archeological ruins are extremely fragile, and even touching them can damage a site.

But on many trails, especially gem trails, collecting is part of the adventure. Use common sense – if the point of the trail is to find materials to collect, such as a gem trail, take judiciously, meaning don’t overcollect. Otherwise, leave it there.

Sometimes the trail crosses private land. If so, walking around fields, not through them, always is best or you could damage a farmer’s crops.

Read more about day hiking with children in my Hikes with Tykes guidebooks.